EUKARYOTA
Subdomain I. AMORPHEA [Adl et al., 2012]
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 1. Amoebozoa [Corliss, 1984; Adl et al., 2012]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subkingdom Lobosa [Cavalier-Smith, 2009]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Parvkingdom Tubulinea [Smirnov et al., 2005].
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Euamoebida [Lepsi, 1960]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Arcellinida [Kent, 1880]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Leptomyxida [Page, 1987]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Nolandida [Smirnov et al., 2011]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Echinamoebida [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Parvkingdom Discosea [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Flabellinia [Smirnov et al., 2005]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Dactylopodida [Smirnov et al., 2005]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Vannellida [Smirnov et al., 2005]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Himatismenida [Page, 1987]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Stygamoebida [Smirnov et al., 2011]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Pellitida [Smirnov et al., 2011]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Trichosida [Möbius, 1889]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Longamoebia [Smirnov et al., 2011]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Dermamoebida [Cavalier-Smith, 2004]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Thecamoebida [Smirnov et al., 2011]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subkingdom Conosa [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Parvkingdom Variosea [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Varipodida [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Phalansteriida [Hibberd, 1983]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Holomastigida [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Parvkingdom Archamoebae [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Mastigamoebida [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Pelobiontida [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Parvkingdom Mycetozoa [de Bary, 1859 ex Rostafinski, 1873]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Dictyostelea [Hawksworth et al., 1983]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Acytostelia [Sheikh et al., 2018] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Dictyostelia [Olive, 1970] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Ceratiomyxomycota [Hawksworth et al., 1983] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Protosporangia [Adl et al., 2012] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Ceratiomyxida [Martin, 1961] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Myxomycota [Link, 1833] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Lucisporidia [Cavalier-Smith, 2013] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Columelliidia [Ruggiero et al., 2015] ined.
⠀⠀unranked clade Obazoa [Brown et al., 2013]
⠀⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 2. Opisthokonta [Cavalier-Smith, 1987]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Infrakingdom Holomycota [Liu et al., 2009]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Cristidiscoidea [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Fonticulida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Nucleariida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Zoosporia [Torruella et al., 2018]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Opisthosporidia [Torruella et al., 2018]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Fungi [Whittaker, 1959] = Eumycota
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Chytridiomycotina [Hibbett et al., 2007] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Chytridiomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Monoblepharomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Neocallimastigomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Olpidiomycotina [Doweld, 2013] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Sanchytriomycotina [Galindo et al., 2021] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Blastocladiomycotina [James et al., 2006] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Basidiobolomycotina [Doweld, 2001] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Zoopagomycotina [Spatafora et al., 2016] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Enthomophthoromycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Kickxellomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Zoopagomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Glomeromycotina [Schüβler et al., 2001] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Mucoromycotina [Doweld, 2001] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Mucoromycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Mortierellomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Calcarisporiellomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Dikarya [Hibbett et al., 2007] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Entorrhizomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Basidiomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Ascomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Infrakingdom Holozoa [Aleshin et al., 2007]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Ichtyosporea [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Pluriformea [Hehenberger et al., 2017]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Corallochytrea [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Syssomonadea [Tikhonenkov et al., 2020]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Filozoa [Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2008]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Filasterea [Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2008] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Choanozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 1998] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Choanoflagellata [Kent, 1882] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Metazoa [Haeckel, 1874] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀[rank denomination needed] Porifera [Grant, 1836]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀[rank denomination needed] Eumetazoa [Bütschli, 1910]
⠀⠀unranked basa clade Breviatea [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
⠀⠀unranked basal clade Apusomonadida [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
Subdomain II. DIAPHORETICKES [Adl et al., 2012]
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 3. Discoba [Hampl et al., 2009]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Infrakingdom Percolozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 1991]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Pharyngomonadea [Cavalier-Smith, Nikolaev, 2008]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀PhylumTetramitia [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Lyromonadea [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Heterolobosea [Page, Blanton, 1985]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Infrakingdom Euglenozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 1981]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Kinetoplastida [Honigberg, 1963]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Diplonemea [Busse, Preisfeld, 2002]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Euglenophyta [Pascher, 1931]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Symbiontida [Yubuki et al., 2009]
⠀⠀unranked basal clade Jakobea [Cavalier-Smith, 1999]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀•• Jakobida [Patterson, 1990]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀•• Tsukubea [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
⠀⠀unranked basal clade Hemimastigophora [Foissner et al., 1988]
⠀unranked unit “CAM-clade” (Cryptisa + Archeplastida + Microheliella) [Yazaki et al., 2022]
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 4. Cryptista [Adl et al., 2018]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Palpitomonada [Yabuki et al., 2014] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Cryptomonada [Silva, 1962]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Cryptophyta [Pascher, 1914]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Cyathomonadophyta [Pringsheim, 1944] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Kathablepharidophyta [Skuja, 1939] ined.
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 5. Archeplastida [Adl et al., 2005]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Glaucophyta [Skuja, 1954 in higher rank in Adl et al., 2005]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Glaucocystophyta [Kies, Kremer 1986]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Rhodophyta [Wettstein, 1922]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Rhodelphidiophyta [Gavryluk et al., 2019]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Cyanidiophyta [Merola et al., 1981]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Proteorhodophyta [Munoz-Gomez et al., 2017] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Eurhodophyta [Saunders, Hommersand, 2004] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Chloroplastida [Adl et al., 2005]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Prasinodermophyta [Li et al., 2020]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Prasinodermophyceae [Li et al., 2020]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Palmophyllophyceae [Leliaert et al., 2016]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Chlorophyta [Pascher, 1914]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Chlorodendrophyceae [Fritsch, 1917]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Pedinophyceae [Moestrup, 1991]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Chloropicophyceae [Lopes dos Santos et al., 2017]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Picocystophyceae [Lopes dos Santos et al., 2017]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Pyramimonadophyceae [Chadefaud, 1950] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Mamiellophyceae [Marin, Melkonian, 2010]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Nephroselmidophyceae [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Pycnococcophyceae [Guillard et al., 1991] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Streptophyta [Bremer, 1985]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Chlorokybophytina [Lewis, McCourt 2004] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Mesostigmatophytina [Marin, Melkonian 1999] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Klebsormidiophytina [van den Hoek et al., 1995] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Zygnematophytina [van den Hoek et al., 1995]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Coleochaetophytina [Jeffrey, 1982] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Charophytina [Smith, 1938] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Embryophytina [Engler, 1886] ined.
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 6. Haptista [Cavalier-Smith, 2003]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Haptophyta [Hibberd, 1976]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Pavlovaphyceae [Edvardsen et al., 2000]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Prymnesiophyceae [Hibberd, 1976]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Centroplasthelida [Febvre-Chevalier, Febvre 1984]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Pterocystida [Cavalier-Smith, von der Heyden 2007]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Panacanthocystida [Shishkin et al., 2018].
⠀⠀unranked clade SAR [Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria + Telonemia]
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 7. Rhizaria [Cavalier-Smith, 2002]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Gymnosphaerida [Mikrjukov, 2000]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Cercozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Cercomonadida [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2018]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Paracercomonadida [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2018]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Glissomonadida [Howe et al., 2009]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Viridiraptoridae [Hess, Melkonian, 2013]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Pansomonadidae [Vickerman et al., 2005]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Helkesida [Cavalier-Smith, 2018]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Thecofilosea [Cavalier-Smith, Chao, 2003]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Cryomonadida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Ventricleftida [Howe et al., 2011]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Tectofilosida [Cavalier-Smith, Chao, 2003]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Ebriacea [Lemmermann, 1901]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Thaumatomastigidae [Patterson, Zölfell, 1991]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Euglyphida [Copeland, 1956]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Metromonadea [Howe et al., 2011]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Granofilosea [Howe et al., 2009]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Chlorarachnea [Hibberd, Norris, 1984]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Endomyxa [Adl et al., 2018]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Vampyrellida [Hess et al., 2012]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Phytomyxea [Engler, Prantl, 1897]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subclass Plasmodiophorida [Cook, 1928]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subclass Phagomyxida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Filoreta [Howe et al., 2009]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Gromiida [Reuss, 1862]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Ascetosporea [Howe et al., 2009]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Haplosporida [Caullery, 1953]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Microcytida [Hartikainen et al., 2013]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Paradiniidae [Schiller, 1935]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Retaria [Cavalier-Smith, 2002]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Foraminifera [d’Orbigny, 1826]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Acantharea [Haeckel, 1881]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Taxopodida [Fol, 1883]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Polycystinea [Ehrenberg, 1838]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Aquavolonida [Bass, Berney 2018]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Tremulida [Howe et al., 2011]
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 8. Alveolata [Adl et al., 2012]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Acavomonidia [Tikhonenkov et al., 2014]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Colponemidia [Tikhonenkov et al., 2014]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Myzozoa [Cavalier-Smith, Chao, 2004]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Apicomplexa [Levine, 1970]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Aconoidasida [Mehlhorn et al., 1980]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Coccidia [Leuckart, 1879]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Gregarinasina [Dufour, 1828]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Blastogregarinea [Chatton, Villeneuve, 1936]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Perkinsozoa [Noren et al., 1999]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Perkinsida [Levine, 1978]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Phagodiniida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Rastromonadida [Cavalier-Smith, Chao, 2004]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Dinoflagellata [Bütschli, 1885]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Dinophyceae [Christensen, 1978]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Gymnodiniophyceae ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Syndiniophyceae [Loeblich, 1976]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Alphamonada ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Colpodellida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Chromerida s.s. [Moore et al., 2008]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Сiliata [Perty, 1852]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Postciliodesmatophora [Gerasimova, Seravin, 1976]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Intramacronucleata [Lynn, 2008]
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 9. Stramenopila [Patterson, 1989]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subkingdom Gyrista [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Bicosoecea [Cavalier-Smith, 1989]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Developea [Aleoshin et al., 2016]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Ochrophyta [Cavalier-Smith, 1986]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Chrysophyceae [Pascher, 1914]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Eustigmatophyceae [Hibberd, Leedale, 1971]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Phaeophyceae [Hansgirg, 1886]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Phaeothamniophyceae [Bailey et al., 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Raphidophyceae [Chadefaud, 1950]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Schizocladia [Kawai et al., 2003]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Xanthophyceae [Fritsch, 1935]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Bolidophyceae [Guillou et al., 1999]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Bacillariophyceae [Hendey, 1937]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Dictyochophyceae [Silva, 1980]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Pelagophyceae [Andersen et al., 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Pinguiophyceae [Kawachi et al., 2003]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Actinophryida [Hartmann, 1913]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Hyphochytrea [Cavalier-Smith, 1986]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Peronosporomycota [Dick, 2001]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Saprolegniomycetes [Hawksworth, 1994]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Peronosporomycetes [Dick, 2001]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Pirsoniomycota [Cavalier-Smith, 2017] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subkingdom Bigyra [Cavalier-Smith, 1998; Jamy et al., 2022] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Sagenista [Cavalier-Smith, 1995]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Eogyrea [Cavalier-Smith, Scoble, 2013]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Labyrinthulea [Olive, 1975]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Opalinata [Wenyon, 1926]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Proteromonadea [Grasse, 1952]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Opalinatea [Wenyon, 1926]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Placidozoa [Cavalier-Smith, Scoble, 2013]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Platysulcea [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
⠀⠀unranked basal clade Telonemia [Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2006]
⠀⠀Incertae sedis [basal Discoba? Basal Amorphea? Basal Eukaryotes?]
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 10. Loukozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Malawimonadea [Cavalier-Smith, 2003]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Metamonada [sensu Cavalier-Smith, 2003]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Anaeromonada [Cavalier-Smith, 1997]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Trichozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 2003]
⠀⠀unranked basal clade Ancyromonadida [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
⠀⠀unranked basal clade Collodictyon [Carter, 1865; Jamy et al., 2022]
⠀⠀unranked basal clade Mantamonadidae [Cavalier-Smith, 2011]
⠀⠀unranked basal clade Rigifilida [Cavalier-Smith, 2012]
Subdomain I. AMORPHEA [Adl et al., 2012]
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 1. Amoebozoa [Corliss, 1984; Adl et al., 2012]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subkingdom Lobosa [Cavalier-Smith, 2009]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Parvkingdom Tubulinea [Smirnov et al., 2005].
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Euamoebida [Lepsi, 1960]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Arcellinida [Kent, 1880]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Leptomyxida [Page, 1987]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Nolandida [Smirnov et al., 2011]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Echinamoebida [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Parvkingdom Discosea [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Flabellinia [Smirnov et al., 2005]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Dactylopodida [Smirnov et al., 2005]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Vannellida [Smirnov et al., 2005]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Himatismenida [Page, 1987]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Stygamoebida [Smirnov et al., 2011]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Pellitida [Smirnov et al., 2011]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Trichosida [Möbius, 1889]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Longamoebia [Smirnov et al., 2011]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Dermamoebida [Cavalier-Smith, 2004]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Thecamoebida [Smirnov et al., 2011]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subkingdom Conosa [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Parvkingdom Variosea [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Varipodida [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Phalansteriida [Hibberd, 1983]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Holomastigida [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Parvkingdom Archamoebae [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Mastigamoebida [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Pelobiontida [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Parvkingdom Mycetozoa [de Bary, 1859 ex Rostafinski, 1873]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Dictyostelea [Hawksworth et al., 1983]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Acytostelia [Sheikh et al., 2018] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Dictyostelia [Olive, 1970] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Ceratiomyxomycota [Hawksworth et al., 1983] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Protosporangia [Adl et al., 2012] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Ceratiomyxida [Martin, 1961] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Myxomycota [Link, 1833] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Lucisporidia [Cavalier-Smith, 2013] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Columelliidia [Ruggiero et al., 2015] ined.
⠀⠀unranked clade Obazoa [Brown et al., 2013]
⠀⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 2. Opisthokonta [Cavalier-Smith, 1987]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Infrakingdom Holomycota [Liu et al., 2009]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Cristidiscoidea [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Fonticulida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Nucleariida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Zoosporia [Torruella et al., 2018]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Opisthosporidia [Torruella et al., 2018]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Fungi [Whittaker, 1959] = Eumycota
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Chytridiomycotina [Hibbett et al., 2007] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Chytridiomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Monoblepharomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Neocallimastigomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Olpidiomycotina [Doweld, 2013] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Sanchytriomycotina [Galindo et al., 2021] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Blastocladiomycotina [James et al., 2006] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Basidiobolomycotina [Doweld, 2001] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Zoopagomycotina [Spatafora et al., 2016] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Enthomophthoromycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Kickxellomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Zoopagomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Glomeromycotina [Schüβler et al., 2001] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Mucoromycotina [Doweld, 2001] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Mucoromycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Mortierellomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Calcarisporiellomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Dikarya [Hibbett et al., 2007] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Entorrhizomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Basidiomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Ascomycotera ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Infrakingdom Holozoa [Aleshin et al., 2007]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Ichtyosporea [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Pluriformea [Hehenberger et al., 2017]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Corallochytrea [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Syssomonadea [Tikhonenkov et al., 2020]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Filozoa [Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2008]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Filasterea [Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2008] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Choanozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 1998] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Choanoflagellata [Kent, 1882] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superclass Metazoa [Haeckel, 1874] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀[rank denomination needed] Porifera [Grant, 1836]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀[rank denomination needed] Eumetazoa [Bütschli, 1910]
⠀⠀unranked basa clade Breviatea [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
⠀⠀unranked basal clade Apusomonadida [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
Subdomain II. DIAPHORETICKES [Adl et al., 2012]
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 3. Discoba [Hampl et al., 2009]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Infrakingdom Percolozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 1991]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Pharyngomonadea [Cavalier-Smith, Nikolaev, 2008]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀PhylumTetramitia [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Lyromonadea [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Heterolobosea [Page, Blanton, 1985]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Infrakingdom Euglenozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 1981]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Kinetoplastida [Honigberg, 1963]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Diplonemea [Busse, Preisfeld, 2002]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Euglenophyta [Pascher, 1931]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Symbiontida [Yubuki et al., 2009]
⠀⠀unranked basal clade Jakobea [Cavalier-Smith, 1999]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀•• Jakobida [Patterson, 1990]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀•• Tsukubea [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
⠀⠀unranked basal clade Hemimastigophora [Foissner et al., 1988]
⠀unranked unit “CAM-clade” (Cryptisa + Archeplastida + Microheliella) [Yazaki et al., 2022]
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 4. Cryptista [Adl et al., 2018]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Palpitomonada [Yabuki et al., 2014] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Cryptomonada [Silva, 1962]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Cryptophyta [Pascher, 1914]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Cyathomonadophyta [Pringsheim, 1944] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Kathablepharidophyta [Skuja, 1939] ined.
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 5. Archeplastida [Adl et al., 2005]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Glaucophyta [Skuja, 1954 in higher rank in Adl et al., 2005]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Glaucocystophyta [Kies, Kremer 1986]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Rhodophyta [Wettstein, 1922]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Rhodelphidiophyta [Gavryluk et al., 2019]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Cyanidiophyta [Merola et al., 1981]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Proteorhodophyta [Munoz-Gomez et al., 2017] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Eurhodophyta [Saunders, Hommersand, 2004] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Chloroplastida [Adl et al., 2005]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Prasinodermophyta [Li et al., 2020]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Prasinodermophyceae [Li et al., 2020]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Palmophyllophyceae [Leliaert et al., 2016]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Chlorophyta [Pascher, 1914]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Chlorodendrophyceae [Fritsch, 1917]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Pedinophyceae [Moestrup, 1991]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Chloropicophyceae [Lopes dos Santos et al., 2017]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Picocystophyceae [Lopes dos Santos et al., 2017]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Pyramimonadophyceae [Chadefaud, 1950] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Mamiellophyceae [Marin, Melkonian, 2010]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Nephroselmidophyceae [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Pycnococcophyceae [Guillard et al., 1991] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Streptophyta [Bremer, 1985]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Chlorokybophytina [Lewis, McCourt 2004] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Mesostigmatophytina [Marin, Melkonian 1999] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Klebsormidiophytina [van den Hoek et al., 1995] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Zygnematophytina [van den Hoek et al., 1995]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Coleochaetophytina [Jeffrey, 1982] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Charophytina [Smith, 1938] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subphylum Embryophytina [Engler, 1886] ined.
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 6. Haptista [Cavalier-Smith, 2003]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Haptophyta [Hibberd, 1976]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Pavlovaphyceae [Edvardsen et al., 2000]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Prymnesiophyceae [Hibberd, 1976]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Centroplasthelida [Febvre-Chevalier, Febvre 1984]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Pterocystida [Cavalier-Smith, von der Heyden 2007]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Panacanthocystida [Shishkin et al., 2018].
⠀⠀unranked clade SAR [Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria + Telonemia]
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 7. Rhizaria [Cavalier-Smith, 2002]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Gymnosphaerida [Mikrjukov, 2000]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Cercozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Cercomonadida [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2018]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Paracercomonadida [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2018]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Glissomonadida [Howe et al., 2009]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Viridiraptoridae [Hess, Melkonian, 2013]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Pansomonadidae [Vickerman et al., 2005]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Helkesida [Cavalier-Smith, 2018]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Thecofilosea [Cavalier-Smith, Chao, 2003]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Cryomonadida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Ventricleftida [Howe et al., 2011]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Tectofilosida [Cavalier-Smith, Chao, 2003]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Ebriacea [Lemmermann, 1901]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Thaumatomastigidae [Patterson, Zölfell, 1991]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Euglyphida [Copeland, 1956]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Metromonadea [Howe et al., 2011]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Granofilosea [Howe et al., 2009]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Chlorarachnea [Hibberd, Norris, 1984]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Endomyxa [Adl et al., 2018]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Vampyrellida [Hess et al., 2012]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Phytomyxea [Engler, Prantl, 1897]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subclass Plasmodiophorida [Cook, 1928]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subclass Phagomyxida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Filoreta [Howe et al., 2009]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Gromiida [Reuss, 1862]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Ascetosporea [Howe et al., 2009]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Haplosporida [Caullery, 1953]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Microcytida [Hartikainen et al., 2013]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Paradiniidae [Schiller, 1935]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Retaria [Cavalier-Smith, 2002]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Foraminifera [d’Orbigny, 1826]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Acantharea [Haeckel, 1881]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Taxopodida [Fol, 1883]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Polycystinea [Ehrenberg, 1838]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Aquavolonida [Bass, Berney 2018]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Tremulida [Howe et al., 2011]
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 8. Alveolata [Adl et al., 2012]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Acavomonidia [Tikhonenkov et al., 2014]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Colponemidia [Tikhonenkov et al., 2014]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Myzozoa [Cavalier-Smith, Chao, 2004]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Apicomplexa [Levine, 1970]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Aconoidasida [Mehlhorn et al., 1980]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Coccidia [Leuckart, 1879]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Gregarinasina [Dufour, 1828]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Blastogregarinea [Chatton, Villeneuve, 1936]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Perkinsozoa [Noren et al., 1999]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Perkinsida [Levine, 1978]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Phagodiniida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Rastromonadida [Cavalier-Smith, Chao, 2004]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Dinoflagellata [Bütschli, 1885]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Dinophyceae [Christensen, 1978]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Gymnodiniophyceae ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Syndiniophyceae [Loeblich, 1976]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Alphamonada ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Colpodellida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Chromerida s.s. [Moore et al., 2008]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Superphylum Сiliata [Perty, 1852]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Postciliodesmatophora [Gerasimova, Seravin, 1976]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Intramacronucleata [Lynn, 2008]
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 9. Stramenopila [Patterson, 1989]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subkingdom Gyrista [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Bicosoecea [Cavalier-Smith, 1989]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Developea [Aleoshin et al., 2016]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Ochrophyta [Cavalier-Smith, 1986]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Chrysophyceae [Pascher, 1914]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Eustigmatophyceae [Hibberd, Leedale, 1971]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Phaeophyceae [Hansgirg, 1886]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Phaeothamniophyceae [Bailey et al., 1998]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Raphidophyceae [Chadefaud, 1950]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Schizocladia [Kawai et al., 2003]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Xanthophyceae [Fritsch, 1935]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Bolidophyceae [Guillou et al., 1999]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Bacillariophyceae [Hendey, 1937]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Dictyochophyceae [Silva, 1980]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Pelagophyceae [Andersen et al., 1993]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Pinguiophyceae [Kawachi et al., 2003]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Actinophryida [Hartmann, 1913]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Hyphochytrea [Cavalier-Smith, 1986]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Peronosporomycota [Dick, 2001]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Saprolegniomycetes [Hawksworth, 1994]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Peronosporomycetes [Dick, 2001]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Pirsoniomycota [Cavalier-Smith, 2017] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Subkingdom Bigyra [Cavalier-Smith, 1998; Jamy et al., 2022] ined.
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Sagenista [Cavalier-Smith, 1995]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Eogyrea [Cavalier-Smith, Scoble, 2013]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Labyrinthulea [Olive, 1975]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Opalinata [Wenyon, 1926]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Proteromonadea [Grasse, 1952]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Opalinatea [Wenyon, 1926]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Placidozoa [Cavalier-Smith, Scoble, 2013]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Platysulcea [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
⠀⠀unranked basal clade Telonemia [Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2006]
⠀⠀Incertae sedis [basal Discoba? Basal Amorphea? Basal Eukaryotes?]
⠀⠀⠀Kingdom 10. Loukozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Malawimonadea [Cavalier-Smith, 2003]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Phylum Metamonada [sensu Cavalier-Smith, 2003]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Anaeromonada [Cavalier-Smith, 1997]
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Class Trichozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 2003]
⠀⠀unranked basal clade Ancyromonadida [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
⠀⠀unranked basal clade Collodictyon [Carter, 1865; Jamy et al., 2022]
⠀⠀unranked basal clade Mantamonadidae [Cavalier-Smith, 2011]
⠀⠀unranked basal clade Rigifilida [Cavalier-Smith, 2012]
Ten-kingdom system of eukaryotes. V. 1.0 (July 20, 2022)
EUKARYOTA
Subdomain I. AMORPHEA [Adl et al., 2012]
Kingdom 1. Amoebozoa [Corliss, 1984; Adl et al., 2012]
Subkingdom Lobosa [Cavalier-Smith, 2009]
Parvkingdom Tubulinea [Smirnov et al., 2005].
Superphylum Euamoebida [Lepsi, 1960]
Superphylum Arcellinida [Kent, 1880]
Superphylum Leptomyxida [Page, 1987]
Superphylum Nolandida [Smirnov et al., 2011]
Superphylum Echinamoebida [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004]
Parvkingdom Discosea [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004]
Superphylum Flabellinia [Smirnov et al., 2005]
Phylum Dactylopodida [Smirnov et al., 2005]
Phylum Vannellida [Smirnov et al., 2005]
Phylum Himatismenida [Page, 1987]
Phylum Stygamoebida [Smirnov et al., 2011]
Phylum Pellitida [Smirnov et al., 2011]
Phylum Trichosida [Möbius, 1889]
Superphylum Longamoebia [Smirnov et al., 2011]
Phylum Dermamoebida [Cavalier-Smith, 2004]
Phylum Thecamoebida [Smirnov et al., 2011]
Subkingdom Conosa [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
Parvkingdom Variosea [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004]
Phylum Varipodida [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004]
Phylum Phalansteriida [Hibberd, 1983]
Phylum Holomastigida [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
Parvkingdom Archamoebae [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
Phylum Mastigamoebida [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
Phylum Pelobiontida [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
Parvkingdom Mycetozoa [de Bary, 1859 ex Rostafinski, 1873]
Superphylum Dictyostelea [Hawksworth et al., 1983]
Phylum Acytostelia [Sheikh et al., 2018] ined.
Phylum Dictyostelia [Olive, 1970] ined.
Superphylum Ceratiomyxomycota [Hawksworth et al., 1983] ined.
Phylum Protosporangia [Adl et al., 2012] ined.
Phylum Ceratiomyxida [Martin, 1961] ined.
Superphylum Myxomycota [Link, 1833] ined.
Phylum Lucisporidia [Cavalier-Smith, 2013] ined.
Phylum Columelliidia [Ruggiero et al., 2015] ined.
unranked clade Obazoa [Brown et al., 2013]
Kingdom 2. Opisthokonta [Cavalier-Smith, 1987]
Infrakingdom Holomycota [Liu et al., 2009]
Superphylum Cristidiscoidea [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
Phylum Fonticulida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Phylum Nucleariida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Superphylum Zoosporia [Torruella et al., 2018]
Phylum Opisthosporidia [Torruella et al., 2018]
Phylum Fungi [Whittaker, 1959] = Eumycota
Subphylum Chytridiomycotina [Hibbett et al., 2007] ined.
Superclass Chytridiomycotera ined.
Superclass Monoblepharomycotera ined.
Superclass Neocallimastigomycotera ined.
Subphylum Olpidiomycotina [Doweld, 2013] ined.
Subphylum Sanchytriomycotina [Galindo et al., 2021] ined.
Subphylum Blastocladiomycotina [James et al., 2006] ined.
Subphylum Basidiobolomycotina [Doweld, 2001] ined.
Subphylum Zoopagomycotina [Spatafora et al., 2016] ined.
Superclass Enthomophthoromycotera ined.
Superclass Kickxellomycotera ined.
Superclass Zoopagomycotera ined.
Subphylum Glomeromycotina [Schüβler et al., 2001] ined.
Subphylum Mucoromycotina [Doweld, 2001] ined.
Superclass Mucoromycotera ined.
Superclass Mortierellomycotera ined.
Superclass Calcarisporiellomycotera ined.
Subphylum Dikarya [Hibbett et al., 2007] ined.
Superclass Entorrhizomycotera ined.
Superclass Basidiomycotera ined.
Superclass Ascomycotera ined.
Infrakingdom Holozoa [Aleshin et al., 2007]
Superphylum Ichtyosporea [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
Superphylum Pluriformea [Hehenberger et al., 2017]
Phylum Corallochytrea [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
Phylum Syssomonadea [Tikhonenkov et al., 2020]
Phylum Filozoa [Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2008]
Subphylum Filasterea [Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2008] ined.
Subphylum Choanozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 1998] ined.
Superclass Choanoflagellata [Kent, 1882] ined.
Superclass Metazoa [Haeckel, 1874] ined.
[rank denomination needed] Porifera [Grant, 1836]
[rank denomination needed] Eumetazoa [Bütschli, 1910]
unranked basal clade Breviatea [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
unranked basal clade Apusomonadida [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
Subdomain II. DIAPHORETICKES [Adl et al., 2012]
Kingdom 3. Discoba [Hampl et al., 2009]
Infrakingdom Percolozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 1991]
Phylum Pharyngomonadea [Cavalier-Smith, Nikolaev, 2008]
PhylumTetramitia [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Subphylum Lyromonadea [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Subphylum Heterolobosea [Page, Blanton, 1985]
Infrakingdom Euglenozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 1981]
Phylum Kinetoplastida [Honigberg, 1963]
Phylum Diplonemea [Busse, Preisfeld, 2002]
Phylum Euglenophyta [Pascher, 1931]
Phylum Symbiontida [Yubuki et al., 2009]
unranked basal clade Jakobea [Cavalier-Smith, 1999]
•• Jakobida [Patterson, 1990]
•• Tsukubea [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
unranked basal clade Hemimastigophora [Foissner et al., 1988]
unranked unit “CAM-clade” (Cryptisa + Archeplastida + Microheliella) [Yazaki et al., 2022]
Kingdom 4. Cryptista [Adl et al., 2018]
Superphylum Palpitomonada [Yabuki et al., 2014] ined.
Superphylum Cryptomonada [Silva, 1962]
Phylum Cryptophyta [Pascher, 1914]
Phylum Cyathomonadophyta [Pringsheim, 1944] ined.
Phylum Kathablepharidophyta [Skuja, 1939] ined.
Kingdom 5. Archeplastida [Adl et al., 2005]
Superphylum Glaucophyta [Skuja, 1954 in higher rank in Adl et al., 2005]
Phylum Glaucocystophyta [Kies, Kremer 1986]
Superphylum Rhodophyta [Wettstein, 1922]
Phylum Rhodelphidiophyta [Gavryluk et al., 2019]
Phylum Cyanidiophyta [Merola et al., 1981]
Phylum Proteorhodophyta [Munoz-Gomez et al., 2017] ined.
Phylum Eurhodophyta [Saunders, Hommersand, 2004] ined.
Superphylum Chloroplastida [Adl et al., 2005]
Phylum Prasinodermophyta [Li et al., 2020]
Class Prasinodermophyceae [Li et al., 2020]
Class Palmophyllophyceae [Leliaert et al., 2016]
Phylum Chlorophyta [Pascher, 1914]
Subphylum Chlorodendrophyceae [Fritsch, 1917]
Subphylum Pedinophyceae [Moestrup, 1991]
Subphylum Chloropicophyceae [Lopes dos Santos et al., 2017]
Subphylum Picocystophyceae [Lopes dos Santos et al., 2017]
Class Pyramimonadophyceae [Chadefaud, 1950] ined.
Class Mamiellophyceae [Marin, Melkonian, 2010]
Class Nephroselmidophyceae [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Class Pycnococcophyceae [Guillard et al., 1991] ined.
Phylum Streptophyta [Bremer, 1985]
Subphylum Chlorokybophytina [Lewis, McCourt 2004] ined.
Subphylum Mesostigmatophytina [Marin, Melkonian 1999] ined.
Subphylum Klebsormidiophytina [van den Hoek et al., 1995] ined.
Subphylum Zygnematophytina [van den Hoek et al., 1995]
Subphylum Coleochaetophytina [Jeffrey, 1982] ined.
Subphylum Charophytina [Smith, 1938] ined.
Subphylum Embryophytina [Engler, 1886] ined.
Kingdom 6. Haptista [Cavalier-Smith, 2003]
Phylum Haptophyta [Hibberd, 1976]
Class Pavlovaphyceae [Edvardsen et al., 2000]
Class Prymnesiophyceae [Hibberd, 1976]
Phylum Centroplasthelida [Febvre-Chevalier, Febvre 1984]
Class Pterocystida [Cavalier-Smith, von der Heyden 2007]
Class Panacanthocystida [Shishkin et al., 2018].
unranked clade SAR [Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria + Telonemia]
Kingdom 7. Rhizaria [Cavalier-Smith, 2002]
Phylum Gymnosphaerida [Mikrjukov, 2000]
Phylum Cercozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
Class Cercomonadida [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2018]
Class Paracercomonadida [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2018]
Class Glissomonadida [Howe et al., 2009]
Class Viridiraptoridae [Hess, Melkonian, 2013]
Class Pansomonadidae [Vickerman et al., 2005]
Class Helkesida [Cavalier-Smith, 2018]
Class Thecofilosea [Cavalier-Smith, Chao, 2003]
Class Cryomonadida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Class Ventricleftida [Howe et al., 2011]
Class Tectofilosida [Cavalier-Smith, Chao, 2003]
Class Ebriacea [Lemmermann, 1901]
Class Thaumatomastigidae [Patterson, Zölfell, 1991]
Class Euglyphida [Copeland, 1956]
Phylum Metromonadea [Howe et al., 2011]
Phylum Granofilosea [Howe et al., 2009]
Phylum Chlorarachnea [Hibberd, Norris, 1984]
Phylum Endomyxa [Adl et al., 2018]
Class Vampyrellida [Hess et al., 2012]
Class Phytomyxea [Engler, Prantl, 1897]
Subclass Plasmodiophorida [Cook, 1928]
Subclass Phagomyxida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Class Filoreta [Howe et al., 2009]
Class Gromiida [Reuss, 1862]
Phylum Ascetosporea [Howe et al., 2009]
Class Haplosporida [Caullery, 1953]
Class Microcytida [Hartikainen et al., 2013]
Class Paradiniidae [Schiller, 1935]
Phylum Retaria [Cavalier-Smith, 2002]
Class Foraminifera [d’Orbigny, 1826]
Class Acantharea [Haeckel, 1881]
Class Taxopodida [Fol, 1883]
Class Polycystinea [Ehrenberg, 1838]
Phylum Aquavolonida [Bass, Berney 2018]
Class Tremulida [Howe et al., 2011]
Kingdom 8. Alveolata [Adl et al., 2012]
Superphylum Acavomonidia [Tikhonenkov et al., 2014]
Superphylum Colponemidia [Tikhonenkov et al., 2014]
Superphylum Myzozoa [Cavalier-Smith, Chao, 2004]
Phylum Apicomplexa [Levine, 1970]
Class Aconoidasida [Mehlhorn et al., 1980]
Class Coccidia [Leuckart, 1879]
Class Gregarinasina [Dufour, 1828]
Class Blastogregarinea [Chatton, Villeneuve, 1936]
Phylum Perkinsozoa [Noren et al., 1999]
Class Perkinsida [Levine, 1978]
Class Phagodiniida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Class Rastromonadida [Cavalier-Smith, Chao, 2004]
Phylum Dinoflagellata [Bütschli, 1885]
Class Dinophyceae [Christensen, 1978]
Class Gymnodiniophyceae ined.
Class Syndiniophyceae [Loeblich, 1976]
Phylum Alphamonada ined.
Class Colpodellida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Class Chromerida s.s. [Moore et al., 2008]
Superphylum Сiliata [Perty, 1852]
Phylum Postciliodesmatophora [Gerasimova, Seravin, 1976]
Phylum Intramacronucleata [Lynn, 2008]
Kingdom 9. Stramenopila [Patterson, 1989]
Subkingdom Gyrista [Cavalier-Smith, 1918]
Phylum Bicosoecea [Cavalier-Smith, 1989]
Phylum Developea [Aleoshin et al., 2016]
Phylum Ochrophyta [Cavalier-Smith, 1986]
Class Chrysophyceae [Pascher, 1914]
Class Eustigmatophyceae [Hibberd, Leedale, 1971]
Class Phaeophyceae [Hansgirg, 1886]
Class Phaeothamniophyceae [Bailey et al., 1998]
Class Raphidophyceae[ Chadefaud, 1950]
Class Schizocladia [Kawai et al., 2003]
Class Xanthophyceae [Fritsch, 1935]
Class Bolidophyceae [Guillou et al., 1999]
Class Bacillariophyceae [Hendey, 1937]
Class Dictyochophyceae [Silva, 1980]
Class Pelagophyceae [Andersen et al., 1993]
Class Pinguiophyceae [Kawachi et al., 2003]
Class Actinophryida [Hartmann, 1913]
Phylum Hyphochytrea [Cavalier-Smith, 1986]
Phylum Peronosporomycota [Dick, 2001]
Class Saprolegniomycetes [Hawksworth, 1994]
Class Peronosporomycetes [Dick, 2001]
Phylum Pirsoniomycota [Cavalier-Smith, 2017] ined.
Subkingdom Bigyra [Cavalier-Smith, 1998; Jamy et al., 2022] ined.
Phylum Sagenista [Cavalier-Smith, 1995]
Class Eogyrea [Cavalier-Smith, Scoble, 2013]
Class Labyrinthulea [Olive, 1975]
Phylum Opalinata [Wenyon, 1926]
Class Proteromonadea [Grasse, 1952]
Class Opalinatea [Wenyon, 1926]
Phylum Placidozoa [Cavalier-Smith, Scoble, 2013]
Phylum Platysulcea [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
unranked basal clade Telonemia [Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2006]
Incertae sedis [basal Discoba? Basal Amorphea? Basal Eukaryotes?]
Kingdom 10. Loukozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
Phylum Malawimonadea [Cavalier-Smith, 2003]
Phylum Metamonada [sensu Cavalier-Smith, 2003]
Class Anaeromonada [Cavalier-Smith, 1997]
Class Trichozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 2003]
unranked basal clade Ancyromonadida [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
unranked basal clade Collodictyon [Carter, 1865; Jamy et al., 2022]
unranked basal clade Mantamonadidae [Cavalier-Smith, 2011]
unranked basal clade Rigifilida [Cavalier-Smith, 2012]
Subdomain I. AMORPHEA [Adl et al., 2012]
Kingdom 1. Amoebozoa [Corliss, 1984; Adl et al., 2012]
Subkingdom Lobosa [Cavalier-Smith, 2009]
Parvkingdom Tubulinea [Smirnov et al., 2005].
Superphylum Euamoebida [Lepsi, 1960]
Superphylum Arcellinida [Kent, 1880]
Superphylum Leptomyxida [Page, 1987]
Superphylum Nolandida [Smirnov et al., 2011]
Superphylum Echinamoebida [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004]
Parvkingdom Discosea [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004]
Superphylum Flabellinia [Smirnov et al., 2005]
Phylum Dactylopodida [Smirnov et al., 2005]
Phylum Vannellida [Smirnov et al., 2005]
Phylum Himatismenida [Page, 1987]
Phylum Stygamoebida [Smirnov et al., 2011]
Phylum Pellitida [Smirnov et al., 2011]
Phylum Trichosida [Möbius, 1889]
Superphylum Longamoebia [Smirnov et al., 2011]
Phylum Dermamoebida [Cavalier-Smith, 2004]
Phylum Thecamoebida [Smirnov et al., 2011]
Subkingdom Conosa [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
Parvkingdom Variosea [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004]
Phylum Varipodida [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2004]
Phylum Phalansteriida [Hibberd, 1983]
Phylum Holomastigida [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
Parvkingdom Archamoebae [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
Phylum Mastigamoebida [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
Phylum Pelobiontida [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
Parvkingdom Mycetozoa [de Bary, 1859 ex Rostafinski, 1873]
Superphylum Dictyostelea [Hawksworth et al., 1983]
Phylum Acytostelia [Sheikh et al., 2018] ined.
Phylum Dictyostelia [Olive, 1970] ined.
Superphylum Ceratiomyxomycota [Hawksworth et al., 1983] ined.
Phylum Protosporangia [Adl et al., 2012] ined.
Phylum Ceratiomyxida [Martin, 1961] ined.
Superphylum Myxomycota [Link, 1833] ined.
Phylum Lucisporidia [Cavalier-Smith, 2013] ined.
Phylum Columelliidia [Ruggiero et al., 2015] ined.
unranked clade Obazoa [Brown et al., 2013]
Kingdom 2. Opisthokonta [Cavalier-Smith, 1987]
Infrakingdom Holomycota [Liu et al., 2009]
Superphylum Cristidiscoidea [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
Phylum Fonticulida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Phylum Nucleariida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Superphylum Zoosporia [Torruella et al., 2018]
Phylum Opisthosporidia [Torruella et al., 2018]
Phylum Fungi [Whittaker, 1959] = Eumycota
Subphylum Chytridiomycotina [Hibbett et al., 2007] ined.
Superclass Chytridiomycotera ined.
Superclass Monoblepharomycotera ined.
Superclass Neocallimastigomycotera ined.
Subphylum Olpidiomycotina [Doweld, 2013] ined.
Subphylum Sanchytriomycotina [Galindo et al., 2021] ined.
Subphylum Blastocladiomycotina [James et al., 2006] ined.
Subphylum Basidiobolomycotina [Doweld, 2001] ined.
Subphylum Zoopagomycotina [Spatafora et al., 2016] ined.
Superclass Enthomophthoromycotera ined.
Superclass Kickxellomycotera ined.
Superclass Zoopagomycotera ined.
Subphylum Glomeromycotina [Schüβler et al., 2001] ined.
Subphylum Mucoromycotina [Doweld, 2001] ined.
Superclass Mucoromycotera ined.
Superclass Mortierellomycotera ined.
Superclass Calcarisporiellomycotera ined.
Subphylum Dikarya [Hibbett et al., 2007] ined.
Superclass Entorrhizomycotera ined.
Superclass Basidiomycotera ined.
Superclass Ascomycotera ined.
Infrakingdom Holozoa [Aleshin et al., 2007]
Superphylum Ichtyosporea [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
Superphylum Pluriformea [Hehenberger et al., 2017]
Phylum Corallochytrea [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
Phylum Syssomonadea [Tikhonenkov et al., 2020]
Phylum Filozoa [Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2008]
Subphylum Filasterea [Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2008] ined.
Subphylum Choanozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 1998] ined.
Superclass Choanoflagellata [Kent, 1882] ined.
Superclass Metazoa [Haeckel, 1874] ined.
[rank denomination needed] Porifera [Grant, 1836]
[rank denomination needed] Eumetazoa [Bütschli, 1910]
unranked basal clade Breviatea [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
unranked basal clade Apusomonadida [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
Subdomain II. DIAPHORETICKES [Adl et al., 2012]
Kingdom 3. Discoba [Hampl et al., 2009]
Infrakingdom Percolozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 1991]
Phylum Pharyngomonadea [Cavalier-Smith, Nikolaev, 2008]
PhylumTetramitia [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Subphylum Lyromonadea [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Subphylum Heterolobosea [Page, Blanton, 1985]
Infrakingdom Euglenozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 1981]
Phylum Kinetoplastida [Honigberg, 1963]
Phylum Diplonemea [Busse, Preisfeld, 2002]
Phylum Euglenophyta [Pascher, 1931]
Phylum Symbiontida [Yubuki et al., 2009]
unranked basal clade Jakobea [Cavalier-Smith, 1999]
•• Jakobida [Patterson, 1990]
•• Tsukubea [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
unranked basal clade Hemimastigophora [Foissner et al., 1988]
unranked unit “CAM-clade” (Cryptisa + Archeplastida + Microheliella) [Yazaki et al., 2022]
Kingdom 4. Cryptista [Adl et al., 2018]
Superphylum Palpitomonada [Yabuki et al., 2014] ined.
Superphylum Cryptomonada [Silva, 1962]
Phylum Cryptophyta [Pascher, 1914]
Phylum Cyathomonadophyta [Pringsheim, 1944] ined.
Phylum Kathablepharidophyta [Skuja, 1939] ined.
Kingdom 5. Archeplastida [Adl et al., 2005]
Superphylum Glaucophyta [Skuja, 1954 in higher rank in Adl et al., 2005]
Phylum Glaucocystophyta [Kies, Kremer 1986]
Superphylum Rhodophyta [Wettstein, 1922]
Phylum Rhodelphidiophyta [Gavryluk et al., 2019]
Phylum Cyanidiophyta [Merola et al., 1981]
Phylum Proteorhodophyta [Munoz-Gomez et al., 2017] ined.
Phylum Eurhodophyta [Saunders, Hommersand, 2004] ined.
Superphylum Chloroplastida [Adl et al., 2005]
Phylum Prasinodermophyta [Li et al., 2020]
Class Prasinodermophyceae [Li et al., 2020]
Class Palmophyllophyceae [Leliaert et al., 2016]
Phylum Chlorophyta [Pascher, 1914]
Subphylum Chlorodendrophyceae [Fritsch, 1917]
Subphylum Pedinophyceae [Moestrup, 1991]
Subphylum Chloropicophyceae [Lopes dos Santos et al., 2017]
Subphylum Picocystophyceae [Lopes dos Santos et al., 2017]
Class Pyramimonadophyceae [Chadefaud, 1950] ined.
Class Mamiellophyceae [Marin, Melkonian, 2010]
Class Nephroselmidophyceae [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Class Pycnococcophyceae [Guillard et al., 1991] ined.
Phylum Streptophyta [Bremer, 1985]
Subphylum Chlorokybophytina [Lewis, McCourt 2004] ined.
Subphylum Mesostigmatophytina [Marin, Melkonian 1999] ined.
Subphylum Klebsormidiophytina [van den Hoek et al., 1995] ined.
Subphylum Zygnematophytina [van den Hoek et al., 1995]
Subphylum Coleochaetophytina [Jeffrey, 1982] ined.
Subphylum Charophytina [Smith, 1938] ined.
Subphylum Embryophytina [Engler, 1886] ined.
Kingdom 6. Haptista [Cavalier-Smith, 2003]
Phylum Haptophyta [Hibberd, 1976]
Class Pavlovaphyceae [Edvardsen et al., 2000]
Class Prymnesiophyceae [Hibberd, 1976]
Phylum Centroplasthelida [Febvre-Chevalier, Febvre 1984]
Class Pterocystida [Cavalier-Smith, von der Heyden 2007]
Class Panacanthocystida [Shishkin et al., 2018].
unranked clade SAR [Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria + Telonemia]
Kingdom 7. Rhizaria [Cavalier-Smith, 2002]
Phylum Gymnosphaerida [Mikrjukov, 2000]
Phylum Cercozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 1998]
Class Cercomonadida [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2018]
Class Paracercomonadida [Cavalier-Smith et al., 2018]
Class Glissomonadida [Howe et al., 2009]
Class Viridiraptoridae [Hess, Melkonian, 2013]
Class Pansomonadidae [Vickerman et al., 2005]
Class Helkesida [Cavalier-Smith, 2018]
Class Thecofilosea [Cavalier-Smith, Chao, 2003]
Class Cryomonadida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Class Ventricleftida [Howe et al., 2011]
Class Tectofilosida [Cavalier-Smith, Chao, 2003]
Class Ebriacea [Lemmermann, 1901]
Class Thaumatomastigidae [Patterson, Zölfell, 1991]
Class Euglyphida [Copeland, 1956]
Phylum Metromonadea [Howe et al., 2011]
Phylum Granofilosea [Howe et al., 2009]
Phylum Chlorarachnea [Hibberd, Norris, 1984]
Phylum Endomyxa [Adl et al., 2018]
Class Vampyrellida [Hess et al., 2012]
Class Phytomyxea [Engler, Prantl, 1897]
Subclass Plasmodiophorida [Cook, 1928]
Subclass Phagomyxida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Class Filoreta [Howe et al., 2009]
Class Gromiida [Reuss, 1862]
Phylum Ascetosporea [Howe et al., 2009]
Class Haplosporida [Caullery, 1953]
Class Microcytida [Hartikainen et al., 2013]
Class Paradiniidae [Schiller, 1935]
Phylum Retaria [Cavalier-Smith, 2002]
Class Foraminifera [d’Orbigny, 1826]
Class Acantharea [Haeckel, 1881]
Class Taxopodida [Fol, 1883]
Class Polycystinea [Ehrenberg, 1838]
Phylum Aquavolonida [Bass, Berney 2018]
Class Tremulida [Howe et al., 2011]
Kingdom 8. Alveolata [Adl et al., 2012]
Superphylum Acavomonidia [Tikhonenkov et al., 2014]
Superphylum Colponemidia [Tikhonenkov et al., 2014]
Superphylum Myzozoa [Cavalier-Smith, Chao, 2004]
Phylum Apicomplexa [Levine, 1970]
Class Aconoidasida [Mehlhorn et al., 1980]
Class Coccidia [Leuckart, 1879]
Class Gregarinasina [Dufour, 1828]
Class Blastogregarinea [Chatton, Villeneuve, 1936]
Phylum Perkinsozoa [Noren et al., 1999]
Class Perkinsida [Levine, 1978]
Class Phagodiniida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Class Rastromonadida [Cavalier-Smith, Chao, 2004]
Phylum Dinoflagellata [Bütschli, 1885]
Class Dinophyceae [Christensen, 1978]
Class Gymnodiniophyceae ined.
Class Syndiniophyceae [Loeblich, 1976]
Phylum Alphamonada ined.
Class Colpodellida [Cavalier-Smith, 1993]
Class Chromerida s.s. [Moore et al., 2008]
Superphylum Сiliata [Perty, 1852]
Phylum Postciliodesmatophora [Gerasimova, Seravin, 1976]
Phylum Intramacronucleata [Lynn, 2008]
Kingdom 9. Stramenopila [Patterson, 1989]
Subkingdom Gyrista [Cavalier-Smith, 1918]
Phylum Bicosoecea [Cavalier-Smith, 1989]
Phylum Developea [Aleoshin et al., 2016]
Phylum Ochrophyta [Cavalier-Smith, 1986]
Class Chrysophyceae [Pascher, 1914]
Class Eustigmatophyceae [Hibberd, Leedale, 1971]
Class Phaeophyceae [Hansgirg, 1886]
Class Phaeothamniophyceae [Bailey et al., 1998]
Class Raphidophyceae[ Chadefaud, 1950]
Class Schizocladia [Kawai et al., 2003]
Class Xanthophyceae [Fritsch, 1935]
Class Bolidophyceae [Guillou et al., 1999]
Class Bacillariophyceae [Hendey, 1937]
Class Dictyochophyceae [Silva, 1980]
Class Pelagophyceae [Andersen et al., 1993]
Class Pinguiophyceae [Kawachi et al., 2003]
Class Actinophryida [Hartmann, 1913]
Phylum Hyphochytrea [Cavalier-Smith, 1986]
Phylum Peronosporomycota [Dick, 2001]
Class Saprolegniomycetes [Hawksworth, 1994]
Class Peronosporomycetes [Dick, 2001]
Phylum Pirsoniomycota [Cavalier-Smith, 2017] ined.
Subkingdom Bigyra [Cavalier-Smith, 1998; Jamy et al., 2022] ined.
Phylum Sagenista [Cavalier-Smith, 1995]
Class Eogyrea [Cavalier-Smith, Scoble, 2013]
Class Labyrinthulea [Olive, 1975]
Phylum Opalinata [Wenyon, 1926]
Class Proteromonadea [Grasse, 1952]
Class Opalinatea [Wenyon, 1926]
Phylum Placidozoa [Cavalier-Smith, Scoble, 2013]
Phylum Platysulcea [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
unranked basal clade Telonemia [Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2006]
Incertae sedis [basal Discoba? Basal Amorphea? Basal Eukaryotes?]
Kingdom 10. Loukozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
Phylum Malawimonadea [Cavalier-Smith, 2003]
Phylum Metamonada [sensu Cavalier-Smith, 2003]
Class Anaeromonada [Cavalier-Smith, 1997]
Class Trichozoa [Cavalier-Smith, 2003]
unranked basal clade Ancyromonadida [Cavalier-Smith, 2013]
unranked basal clade Collodictyon [Carter, 1865; Jamy et al., 2022]
unranked basal clade Mantamonadidae [Cavalier-Smith, 2011]
unranked basal clade Rigifilida [Cavalier-Smith, 2012]
Ten-kingdom system of eukaryotes. V. 1.0 (July 20, 2022)
Dominium EUKARYOTA R.T. Moore
•~Subdominium OBIMODA subdom. nov.
••~Regnum Loukozoa Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Malawimonadea Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Metamonadea Corliss
•••••••••~Classis Anaeromonadea Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Trichomonadea Kirby
••~Regnum Amoebozoa Corliss
••••••~Phylum Lobosa Schultze
•••••••••~Classis Tubulinea Smirnov et al.
••••••••••~Ordo Euamoebida Lepsi
••••••••••~Ordo Arcellinida Kent
••••••••••~Ordo Leptomyxida Pussard et Pons
••••••••••~Ordo Nolandida Smirnov et al.
••••••••••~Ordo Echinamoebida Caval.-Sm. et al.
•••••••••~Classis Discosea Caval.-Sm. et al.
••••••••••~Ordo Flabellinia Smirnov et al.
••••••••••~Ordo Longamoebia Smirnov et al.
••••••~Phylum Conosa Caval.-Sm.
•••••••~Subphylum Variosea Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Varipodida Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Phalansteriida Hibberd
•••••••••~Classis Holomastigida Lauterborn
•••••••~Subphylum Archamoebae Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Mastigamoebida Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Pelobiontida Caval.-Sm.
•••••••~Subphylum Mycetozoa de By ex Rostaf.
••••••~Superclassis Dictyostelio-mycia ined.
•••••••••~Classis Acytosteliomycetes (Sheikh et al.) ined.
•••••••••~Classis Dictyostelio-mycetes Doweld
••••••~Superlassis Ceratiomyxomycia ined.
•••••••••~Classis Protosporan-giomycetes ined.
•••••••••~Classis Ceratiomyxo-mycetes D. Hawksw., B. Sutton et Ainsw. in Leontyev et al.
••••••~Superclassis Myxogaste-romycia ined.
•••••••••~Classis Liceomycetes ined.
•••••••••~Classis Physaromycetes Doweld
••~Regnum Obazoa Brown et al.
•••~Intraregnum Opisthokonta Copeland
••••~Subregnum Holomycota Liu et al.
•••••~Superphylum Cristidiscoidea Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Fonticulida ined.
••••••~Phylum Nucleariida ined.
•••••~Superphylum Zoosporia ined.
••••••~Phylum Opisthosporidia ined.
••••••~Phylum Eumycota Arx
•••••••~Subphylum Chytridio-mycotina Caval.-Sm.
••••••••~Superclassis Chytridio-mycia ined.
••••••••~Superclassis Monoble-pharomycia ined.
••••••••~Superclassis Neocalli-mastigomycia ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Olpidiomycotina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Sanchytriomycotina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Blastocladiomycotina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Basidiobolomycotina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Zoopagomycotina ined.
••••••••~Superclassis Entomo-phthoromycia ined.
••••••••~Superclassis Kickxellomycia ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Glomero-mycotina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Phycomycotina ined., V
••••••••~Superclassis Phycomycia ined.
••••••••~Superclassis Mortierel-lomycia ined.
••••••••~Superclassis Calcarispori-ellomycia ined.
•••••••~Dikaryomycotina ined., VI
••••••••~Superclassis Entorrhizomycia ined.
••••••••~Superclassis Basidiomycia ined.
••••••••~Superclassis Ascomycia ined.
••••~Subregnum Holozoa Lang
•••••~Superphylum Ichtyosporea Caval.-Sm.
•••••~Superphylum Pluriformea Hehenberger et al.
••••••~Phylum Corallochytrea Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Syssomonadea ined.
••••••~Phylum Filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi et al.
•••••••~Subphylum Filasterea Shalchian-Tabrizi et al.
•••••••~Subphylum Choanozoa Caval.-Sm.
••••••••~Superclassis Choanoflagellatea Caval.-Sm.
••••••••~Superclassis Metazoa Haeckel
•••••••••[rank lowering needed] Porifera Grant
••••••••• [rank lowering needed] Eumetazoa Bütschli, VII
•••[basal clade — intraregnum?] Breviatea Caval.-Sm.
•••[basal clade — intraregnum?] Apusomonadida Caval.-Sm.
••~Regnum Crumalia regnum nov.
••••••~Phylum Mantamonadea, IX
••••••~Phylum Rigifilidea, X
••••••~Phylum Collodictyonidea, XI
•~Subdominium DIPHODA De-relle et al.
••~Regnum Discoba Simpson in Hampl et al.
•••••~Superphylum Percolozoa Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Pharyngomonada Caval.-Sm. et Nikolaev
••••••~Phylum Tetramitia Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Lyromonadea Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Heterolobosea Page et Blanton
•••••~Superphylum Euglenozoa Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Kinetoplastea Honigberg
••••••~Phylum Diplonemia Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Euglenophyta Pascher
••••••~Phylum Symbiontida ined.
•••••~Superphylum Jakobea Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Jakobida Leontyev
••••••~Phylum Tsukubea Caval.-Sm.
••~Regnum Plantae Haeckel
••••~Subregnum Cryptista Adl et al.
•••••~Superphylum Palpitomonada ined.
•••••~Superphylum Cryptomonada ined.
••••••~Phylum Cryptophyta Silva
••••••~Phylum Cyathophyta ined.
••••••~Phylum Katablepharido-phyta N. Okamoto et I. Inouye
••••~Subregnum Archaeplastida Adl et al.
•••••~Superphylum Glaucophyta Adl et al.
••••••~Phylum Glaucocystophyta
•••••~Superphylum Rhodophyta Karpov
••••••~Phylum Rhodelphidiophyta Gavryluk et al.
••••••~Phylum Cyanidiophyta
••••••~Phylum Proteorhodophyta ined.
••••••~Phylum Eurhodophyta ined.
•••••~Superphylum Chloroplastida Adl et al.
••••••~Phylum Prasinodermophyta Li et al.
•••••••••~Classis Prasinodermo-phyceae Li et al.
•••••••••~Classis Palmophyllo-phyceae Leliaert et al.
••••••~Phylum Chlorophyta Pascher
•••••••~Subphylum Chlorodendro-phytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Pedinophytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Chloropico-phytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Picocysto-phyceae ined.
•••••••••~Classis Pyramimonado-phyceae Moestrup et Daugbjerg
•••••••••~Classis Mamiellophyceae Marin, Melkonian
•••••••••~Classis Nephroselmido-phyceae T. Nakayama, S. Suda, M. Kawachi et I. Inouye
•••••••••~Classis Pycnococcophyceae ined.
••••••~Phylum Streptophyta Bremer
•••••••~Subphylum Chlorokybo-phytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Mesostigmato-phytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Klebsormidio-phytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Zygnema-tophytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Coleochaeto-phytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Charophytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Embryophytina ined., XII
••~Regnum Haptista Caval.-Sm. et al.
••••••~Phylum Haptophyta Hibberd
•••••••••~Classis Pavlovaphyceae Edvardsen et al.
•••••••••~Classis Prymnesiophyceae Hibberd
••••••~Phylum Centroplasthelida Febvre-Chevalier, Febvre
•••••••••~Classis Pterocystida Caval.-Sm., von der Heyden
•••••••••~Classis Panacanthocystida Shishkin et Zlatogursky
••~Regnum Chromalveolata Caval.-Sm.
••••~informal unit Eochromista ined.
••••••~Phylum Telonemia Shalchian-Tabrizi et al.
••••••~Phylum Hemimastigophora Foissner et al.
••••••~Phylum Provora Tikhonenkov et al.
••••~Subregnum Rhizaria Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Gymnosphaerida Poche
••••••~Phylum Cercozoa Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Cercomonadida Poche
•••••••••~Classis Paracercomonadida Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Glissomonadida Howe et al.
•••••••••~Classis Viridiraptoridae Hess, Melkonian
•••••••••~Classis Pansomonadidae Vickerman et al.
•••••••••~Classis Helkesea Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Thecofilosea Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Cryomonadida Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Ventricleftida Howe et al.
•••••••••~Classis Tectofilosida Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Ebriacea Lemmermann
•••••••••~Classis Thaumatomas-tigidae Patterson, Zölfell
•••••••••~Classis Euglyphida Copeland
••••••~Phylum Metromonadea Howe et al.
••••••~Phylum Granofilosea Howe et al.
••••••~Phylum Chlorarachnea Hibberd, Norris
••••••~Phylum Endomyxa Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Vampyrellida Hess et al.
•••••••••~Classis Phytomyxea Engler et Prantl
•••••••••~Subclassis Plasmodiophorida Cook
•••••••••~Subclassis Phagomyxida Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Filoretidae Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Gromiida Reuss
••••••~Phylum Ascetosporea Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Haplosporida Caullery et Mensil
•••••••••~Classis Microcystida Hartikainen et al.
•••••••••~Classis Paradiniidae Schiller
••••••~Phylum Retaria Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Foraminifera d’Orbigny
•••••••••~Classis Acantharea Haec-kel
•••••••••~Classis Taxopodida Fol
•••••••••~Classis Polycystinea Ehrenberg
••••••~Phylum Aquavolonida Bass et Berney
•••••••••~Classis Tremulida Howe et al.
••••~Subregnum Alveolata Caval.-Sm.
•••••~Superphylum Acavomonidia Tikhonenkov et al.
•••••~Superphylum Colponemidia Tikhonenkov et al.
•••••~Superphylum Myzozoa Caval.-Sm. et Chao
••••••~Phylum Apicomplexa Levi-ne
•••••••••~Classis Aconoidasida Mehlhorn et al.
•••••••••~Classis Coccidia Leuckart
•••••••••~Classis Gregarinasina Dufour
•••••••••~Classis Blastogregarinea Chatton et Villeneuve
••••••~Phylum Perkinsozoa Noren et Moestrup
•••••••••~Classis Perkinsida Levine
•••••••••~Classis Phagodiniida Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Rastromonadida Caval.-Sm. et Chao
••••••~Phylum Dinophyta Jeffrey
•••••••••~Classis Dinophyceae F.E. Fritsch
•••••••••~Classis Blastodiniphyceae Fensome et al.
•••••••••~Classis Syndiniophyceae Loeblich
•••••••••~Classis Noctilucophyceae Fensome et al.
••••••~Phylum Colpodellida Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Ciliophora Doflein
•••••••••~Classis Prostomatea Sche-wiakoff
•••••••••~Classis Colpodea Small et Lynn
•••••••••~Classis Oligohymeno-phorea de Puytorac et al.
•••••••••~Classis Plagiopylea Small et Lynn
•••••••••~Classis Nassophorea Small et Lynn
•••••••••~Classis Phyllopharyngea de Puytorac et al.
•••••••••~Classis Spirotrichea Bütschli
••••~Subregnum Heterokonta Caval.-Sm., XIII
•••••~Superphylum Gyrista Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Bicosoecea Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Developea Aleoshin et al.
••••••~Phylum Ochrophyta Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Chrysophyceae Pascher
•••••••••~Classis Eustigmatophyceae Hibberd et Leedale
•••••••••~Classis Phaeophyceae Hansgirg
•••••••••~Classis Phaeothamnio-phyceae Bailey et al.
•••••••••~Classis Raphidophyceae Chadefaud
•••••••••~Classis Schizocladiophy-ceae Kawai et al.
•••••••••~Classis Xanthophyceae Fritsch
•••••••••~Classis Bolidophyceae Guillou et al.
•••••••••~Classis Bacillariophyceae Hendey
•••••••••~Classis Dictyochophyceae Silva
•••••••••~Classis Pelagophyceae Andersen et al.
•••••••••~Classis Pinguiophyceae Kawachi et al.
•••••••••~Classis Actinophryida Hartmann
••••••~Phylum Hyphochytriomycota Whittaker
••••••~Phylum Peronosporomycota Dick, XV
•••••••••~Classis Saprolegniomycetes Hawksworth
•••••••••~Classis Peronosporo-mycetes Dick
••••••~Phylum Pirsonionea Caval.-Sm.
•••••~Superphylum Bigyra Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Sagenista Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Eogyrea Caval.-Sm. et Scoble
•••••••••~Classis Labyrinthulea Olive
••••••~Phylum Opalinata Wenyon
•••••••••~Classis Proteromonadea Grasse
•••••••••~Classis Opalinatea Wenyon
••••••~Phylum Placidozoa Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Platysulcea Caval.-Sm.
•~Subdominium OBIMODA subdom. nov.
••~Regnum Loukozoa Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Malawimonadea Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Metamonadea Corliss
•••••••••~Classis Anaeromonadea Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Trichomonadea Kirby
••~Regnum Amoebozoa Corliss
••••••~Phylum Lobosa Schultze
•••••••••~Classis Tubulinea Smirnov et al.
••••••••••~Ordo Euamoebida Lepsi
••••••••••~Ordo Arcellinida Kent
••••••••••~Ordo Leptomyxida Pussard et Pons
••••••••••~Ordo Nolandida Smirnov et al.
••••••••••~Ordo Echinamoebida Caval.-Sm. et al.
•••••••••~Classis Discosea Caval.-Sm. et al.
••••••••••~Ordo Flabellinia Smirnov et al.
••••••••••~Ordo Longamoebia Smirnov et al.
••••••~Phylum Conosa Caval.-Sm.
•••••••~Subphylum Variosea Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Varipodida Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Phalansteriida Hibberd
•••••••••~Classis Holomastigida Lauterborn
•••••••~Subphylum Archamoebae Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Mastigamoebida Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Pelobiontida Caval.-Sm.
•••••••~Subphylum Mycetozoa de By ex Rostaf.
••••••~Superclassis Dictyostelio-mycia ined.
•••••••••~Classis Acytosteliomycetes (Sheikh et al.) ined.
•••••••••~Classis Dictyostelio-mycetes Doweld
••••••~Superlassis Ceratiomyxomycia ined.
•••••••••~Classis Protosporan-giomycetes ined.
•••••••••~Classis Ceratiomyxo-mycetes D. Hawksw., B. Sutton et Ainsw. in Leontyev et al.
••••••~Superclassis Myxogaste-romycia ined.
•••••••••~Classis Liceomycetes ined.
•••••••••~Classis Physaromycetes Doweld
••~Regnum Obazoa Brown et al.
•••~Intraregnum Opisthokonta Copeland
••••~Subregnum Holomycota Liu et al.
•••••~Superphylum Cristidiscoidea Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Fonticulida ined.
••••••~Phylum Nucleariida ined.
•••••~Superphylum Zoosporia ined.
••••••~Phylum Opisthosporidia ined.
••••••~Phylum Eumycota Arx
•••••••~Subphylum Chytridio-mycotina Caval.-Sm.
••••••••~Superclassis Chytridio-mycia ined.
••••••••~Superclassis Monoble-pharomycia ined.
••••••••~Superclassis Neocalli-mastigomycia ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Olpidiomycotina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Sanchytriomycotina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Blastocladiomycotina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Basidiobolomycotina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Zoopagomycotina ined.
••••••••~Superclassis Entomo-phthoromycia ined.
••••••••~Superclassis Kickxellomycia ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Glomero-mycotina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Phycomycotina ined., V
••••••••~Superclassis Phycomycia ined.
••••••••~Superclassis Mortierel-lomycia ined.
••••••••~Superclassis Calcarispori-ellomycia ined.
•••••••~Dikaryomycotina ined., VI
••••••••~Superclassis Entorrhizomycia ined.
••••••••~Superclassis Basidiomycia ined.
••••••••~Superclassis Ascomycia ined.
••••~Subregnum Holozoa Lang
•••••~Superphylum Ichtyosporea Caval.-Sm.
•••••~Superphylum Pluriformea Hehenberger et al.
••••••~Phylum Corallochytrea Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Syssomonadea ined.
••••••~Phylum Filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi et al.
•••••••~Subphylum Filasterea Shalchian-Tabrizi et al.
•••••••~Subphylum Choanozoa Caval.-Sm.
••••••••~Superclassis Choanoflagellatea Caval.-Sm.
••••••••~Superclassis Metazoa Haeckel
•••••••••[rank lowering needed] Porifera Grant
••••••••• [rank lowering needed] Eumetazoa Bütschli, VII
•••[basal clade — intraregnum?] Breviatea Caval.-Sm.
•••[basal clade — intraregnum?] Apusomonadida Caval.-Sm.
••~Regnum Crumalia regnum nov.
••••••~Phylum Mantamonadea, IX
••••••~Phylum Rigifilidea, X
••••••~Phylum Collodictyonidea, XI
•~Subdominium DIPHODA De-relle et al.
••~Regnum Discoba Simpson in Hampl et al.
•••••~Superphylum Percolozoa Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Pharyngomonada Caval.-Sm. et Nikolaev
••••••~Phylum Tetramitia Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Lyromonadea Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Heterolobosea Page et Blanton
•••••~Superphylum Euglenozoa Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Kinetoplastea Honigberg
••••••~Phylum Diplonemia Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Euglenophyta Pascher
••••••~Phylum Symbiontida ined.
•••••~Superphylum Jakobea Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Jakobida Leontyev
••••••~Phylum Tsukubea Caval.-Sm.
••~Regnum Plantae Haeckel
••••~Subregnum Cryptista Adl et al.
•••••~Superphylum Palpitomonada ined.
•••••~Superphylum Cryptomonada ined.
••••••~Phylum Cryptophyta Silva
••••••~Phylum Cyathophyta ined.
••••••~Phylum Katablepharido-phyta N. Okamoto et I. Inouye
••••~Subregnum Archaeplastida Adl et al.
•••••~Superphylum Glaucophyta Adl et al.
••••••~Phylum Glaucocystophyta
•••••~Superphylum Rhodophyta Karpov
••••••~Phylum Rhodelphidiophyta Gavryluk et al.
••••••~Phylum Cyanidiophyta
••••••~Phylum Proteorhodophyta ined.
••••••~Phylum Eurhodophyta ined.
•••••~Superphylum Chloroplastida Adl et al.
••••••~Phylum Prasinodermophyta Li et al.
•••••••••~Classis Prasinodermo-phyceae Li et al.
•••••••••~Classis Palmophyllo-phyceae Leliaert et al.
••••••~Phylum Chlorophyta Pascher
•••••••~Subphylum Chlorodendro-phytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Pedinophytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Chloropico-phytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Picocysto-phyceae ined.
•••••••••~Classis Pyramimonado-phyceae Moestrup et Daugbjerg
•••••••••~Classis Mamiellophyceae Marin, Melkonian
•••••••••~Classis Nephroselmido-phyceae T. Nakayama, S. Suda, M. Kawachi et I. Inouye
•••••••••~Classis Pycnococcophyceae ined.
••••••~Phylum Streptophyta Bremer
•••••••~Subphylum Chlorokybo-phytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Mesostigmato-phytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Klebsormidio-phytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Zygnema-tophytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Coleochaeto-phytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Charophytina ined.
•••••••~Subphylum Embryophytina ined., XII
••~Regnum Haptista Caval.-Sm. et al.
••••••~Phylum Haptophyta Hibberd
•••••••••~Classis Pavlovaphyceae Edvardsen et al.
•••••••••~Classis Prymnesiophyceae Hibberd
••••••~Phylum Centroplasthelida Febvre-Chevalier, Febvre
•••••••••~Classis Pterocystida Caval.-Sm., von der Heyden
•••••••••~Classis Panacanthocystida Shishkin et Zlatogursky
••~Regnum Chromalveolata Caval.-Sm.
••••~informal unit Eochromista ined.
••••••~Phylum Telonemia Shalchian-Tabrizi et al.
••••••~Phylum Hemimastigophora Foissner et al.
••••••~Phylum Provora Tikhonenkov et al.
••••~Subregnum Rhizaria Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Gymnosphaerida Poche
••••••~Phylum Cercozoa Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Cercomonadida Poche
•••••••••~Classis Paracercomonadida Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Glissomonadida Howe et al.
•••••••••~Classis Viridiraptoridae Hess, Melkonian
•••••••••~Classis Pansomonadidae Vickerman et al.
•••••••••~Classis Helkesea Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Thecofilosea Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Cryomonadida Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Ventricleftida Howe et al.
•••••••••~Classis Tectofilosida Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Ebriacea Lemmermann
•••••••••~Classis Thaumatomas-tigidae Patterson, Zölfell
•••••••••~Classis Euglyphida Copeland
••••••~Phylum Metromonadea Howe et al.
••••••~Phylum Granofilosea Howe et al.
••••••~Phylum Chlorarachnea Hibberd, Norris
••••••~Phylum Endomyxa Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Vampyrellida Hess et al.
•••••••••~Classis Phytomyxea Engler et Prantl
•••••••••~Subclassis Plasmodiophorida Cook
•••••••••~Subclassis Phagomyxida Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Filoretidae Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Gromiida Reuss
••••••~Phylum Ascetosporea Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Haplosporida Caullery et Mensil
•••••••••~Classis Microcystida Hartikainen et al.
•••••••••~Classis Paradiniidae Schiller
••••••~Phylum Retaria Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Foraminifera d’Orbigny
•••••••••~Classis Acantharea Haec-kel
•••••••••~Classis Taxopodida Fol
•••••••••~Classis Polycystinea Ehrenberg
••••••~Phylum Aquavolonida Bass et Berney
•••••••••~Classis Tremulida Howe et al.
••••~Subregnum Alveolata Caval.-Sm.
•••••~Superphylum Acavomonidia Tikhonenkov et al.
•••••~Superphylum Colponemidia Tikhonenkov et al.
•••••~Superphylum Myzozoa Caval.-Sm. et Chao
••••••~Phylum Apicomplexa Levi-ne
•••••••••~Classis Aconoidasida Mehlhorn et al.
•••••••••~Classis Coccidia Leuckart
•••••••••~Classis Gregarinasina Dufour
•••••••••~Classis Blastogregarinea Chatton et Villeneuve
••••••~Phylum Perkinsozoa Noren et Moestrup
•••••••••~Classis Perkinsida Levine
•••••••••~Classis Phagodiniida Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Rastromonadida Caval.-Sm. et Chao
••••••~Phylum Dinophyta Jeffrey
•••••••••~Classis Dinophyceae F.E. Fritsch
•••••••••~Classis Blastodiniphyceae Fensome et al.
•••••••••~Classis Syndiniophyceae Loeblich
•••••••••~Classis Noctilucophyceae Fensome et al.
••••••~Phylum Colpodellida Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Ciliophora Doflein
•••••••••~Classis Prostomatea Sche-wiakoff
•••••••••~Classis Colpodea Small et Lynn
•••••••••~Classis Oligohymeno-phorea de Puytorac et al.
•••••••••~Classis Plagiopylea Small et Lynn
•••••••••~Classis Nassophorea Small et Lynn
•••••••••~Classis Phyllopharyngea de Puytorac et al.
•••••••••~Classis Spirotrichea Bütschli
••••~Subregnum Heterokonta Caval.-Sm., XIII
•••••~Superphylum Gyrista Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Bicosoecea Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Developea Aleoshin et al.
••••••~Phylum Ochrophyta Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Chrysophyceae Pascher
•••••••••~Classis Eustigmatophyceae Hibberd et Leedale
•••••••••~Classis Phaeophyceae Hansgirg
•••••••••~Classis Phaeothamnio-phyceae Bailey et al.
•••••••••~Classis Raphidophyceae Chadefaud
•••••••••~Classis Schizocladiophy-ceae Kawai et al.
•••••••••~Classis Xanthophyceae Fritsch
•••••••••~Classis Bolidophyceae Guillou et al.
•••••••••~Classis Bacillariophyceae Hendey
•••••••••~Classis Dictyochophyceae Silva
•••••••••~Classis Pelagophyceae Andersen et al.
•••••••••~Classis Pinguiophyceae Kawachi et al.
•••••••••~Classis Actinophryida Hartmann
••••••~Phylum Hyphochytriomycota Whittaker
••••••~Phylum Peronosporomycota Dick, XV
•••••••••~Classis Saprolegniomycetes Hawksworth
•••••••••~Classis Peronosporo-mycetes Dick
••••••~Phylum Pirsonionea Caval.-Sm.
•••••~Superphylum Bigyra Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Sagenista Caval.-Sm.
•••••••••~Classis Eogyrea Caval.-Sm. et Scoble
•••••••••~Classis Labyrinthulea Olive
••••••~Phylum Opalinata Wenyon
•••••••••~Classis Proteromonadea Grasse
•••••••••~Classis Opalinatea Wenyon
••••••~Phylum Placidozoa Caval.-Sm.
••••••~Phylum Platysulcea Caval.-Sm.
Eight-kingdom system of eukaryotes. V. 2.0 (July 20, 2023)
